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During an arthroscopic procedure, surgeons use a small camera called an arthroscope to better visualize inside joints. The arthroscope is inserted into a joint through a small incision. A small lens and fiber optic light of the arthroscope is connected to a camera and monitor that allows the orthopaedic surgeon to see inside the joint and perform a variety of different procedures. A Japanese surgeon, Dr.Watanabe, developed knee arthroscopy in the 1960s. Today, orthopedic surgeons perform nearly 6 million arthroscopies per year.
The knee and the shoulder are the most common joints for arthroscopic procedures with more than 4 million knee arthroscopies and 1.4 million shoulder arthroscopies performed each year. In fact, knee arthroscopy for a torn meniscus is the single most common orthopedic procedure.
There are several advantages of arthroscopy procedures. First, incisions are quite small and hence, less invasive compared to traditional open surgery. As a result, there is generally less discomfort in the postoperative period. Many procedures previously requiring an inpatient hospital stay can now be performed on a outpatient basis. Arthroscopy also provides a superior view of the inside of the joint. Complications can occur but generally are less frequent than with open surgery. Blood clots, infection, joint stiffness, and nerve damage are all potential complications.
As with most orthopedic procedures, it is important to adhere to your surgeon’s postoperative instructions after arthroscopy. Advancing your activity too soon or failing to participate in postoperative physical therapy can jeopardize the outcome of your procedure. It is important to discuss the postoperative plan of care with your surgeon prior to the arthroscopic procedure to optimize your results.
